“可生物降解潤滑油和生物基潤滑油有什么區(qū)別？”
Because environmentally friendly lubricants are somewhat new and not as clearly defined as other lubrication concepts, many people struggle with certain terms such as bio-based and biodegradable. When discussing these types of lubricants, it is imperative to apply the proper terminology and to understand why these words should not be used interchangeably.
因?yàn)榄h(huán)保潤滑油是一些新的，不像其他潤滑概念那樣明確的定義，許多人努力使用某些術(shù)語，如生物基和可生物降解。在討論這些類型的潤滑油時(shí)，必須應(yīng)用適當(dāng)?shù)男g(shù)語，并理解為什么這些詞不應(yīng)該互換使用。
Bio-based Lubricants生物基潤滑油
The term bio-based specifies the origin of a lubricant. This involves the annually renewable raw material utilized to construct the lubricant’s base stock. Some examples of these base stock materials would be soybean, rapeseed and sunflower products. These base stocks can offer good lubricity, flash point and viscosity index properties but often are inferior in regard to their oxidation stability. Although their usage is not widespread, they have their place in certain hydraulics, total-loss systems and environmentally sensitive areas.
生物基這個(gè)術(shù)語指定了潤滑劑的來源。這包括每年的可再生原材料，用于構(gòu)建潤滑油的基礎(chǔ)油。這些基本油材料的可能將是大豆、油菜籽和葵花籽產(chǎn)品。這些基礎(chǔ)油可以提供良好的潤滑性、閃點(diǎn)和粘度指數(shù)性能，但其氧化穩(wěn)定性往往較差。雖然它們的使用并不廣泛，但它們?cè)谀承┮簤?、全損失系統(tǒng)和環(huán)境敏感領(lǐng)域也有一席之地。
Biodegradable Lubricants可生物降解潤滑油
Just as what characterizes bio-based lubricants centers on the front end of the lubricant’s creation, what identifies biodegradable lubricants is more focused on the back end. It considers how the environment has a tendency to break down the lubricant, if exposed, as well as the function and timeframe for this breakdown to occur.
就像生物基潤滑油的特征集中在潤滑油創(chuàng)造的前端一樣，識(shí)別生物降解潤滑油更集中在后端。它考慮了如果暴露，環(huán)境如何有分解潤滑油的傾向，以及該分解發(fā)生的功能和時(shí)間框架。
The ASTM D6064 standard defines biodegradability as “a function of degree of degradation, time and test methodology.” Other terms generally used to describe a lubricant’s level of biodegradability are “readily biodegradable” or “primary degradation” and “inherently biodegradable” or “ultimate degradation.”
ASTM D6064標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將生物降解性定義為“降解程度、時(shí)間和測(cè)試方法的函數(shù)”。其他通常用來描述潤滑劑生物降解水平的術(shù)語是“容易可降解”或“初級(jí)降解”和“固有的可降解”或“最終降解”。
Primary degradation measures the reduction in the carbon-hydrogen bond and is determined with infrared spectroscopy. Ultimate degradation assesses the evolution of carbon dioxide through the degradation process. The ASTM D5864 standard is one of the most common methods for verifying this level of biodegradability.
初級(jí)降解測(cè)量了碳-氫鍵的還原，并通過紅外光譜法測(cè)定。最終的降解評(píng)估了二氧化碳通過降解過程的演變。ASTM D5864 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是驗(yàn)證這種水平的生物降解性的最常見的方法之一。
The Differences區(qū)別
It is important to understand the differences between biodegradable and bio-based lubricants. While some lubricants may be bio-based, this does not necessarily make them biodegradable. This is true for a couple of reasons. First, a bio-based lubricant might not be the only base stock in the lubricating oil. Second, in rare occasions, the bio-based base stock, though agrarian in nature, may not be biodegradable. On the other hand, some synthetic base stock lubricating oils can offer biodegradable benefits as well.
了解生物降解和生物基潤滑油的區(qū)別是很重要的。雖然一些潤滑油可能是生物基的，但這并不一定會(huì)使它們成為可生物降解的。這是真的，有幾個(gè)原因。首先，生物基潤滑劑可能不是潤滑油中唯一的基本油。第二，在極少數(shù)情況下，生物基堿基礎(chǔ)油，雖然本質(zhì)上是農(nóng)作物，但可能不能生物降解。另一方面，一些合成堿基礎(chǔ)油潤滑油也可以提供可生物降解的好處。
By recognizing these differences and knowing that specific test parameters exist to determine whether a lubricant is biodegradable, you should be able to apply the proper terms when discussing environmentally friendly lubricants.
通過認(rèn)識(shí)到這些差異，并知道存在特定的測(cè)試參數(shù)來確定潤滑劑是否可生物降解，你應(yīng)該能夠在討論環(huán)保潤滑油時(shí)使用適當(dāng)?shù)男g(shù)語。
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