Three sampling procedures commonly associated with engine oil sampling include: sampling a pressurized line before the system filter; using a drop tube in the dipstick tube; and procuring a sample midstream from a drain port while draining the engine.
三種通常與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油取樣有關(guān)的取樣程序包括：在系統(tǒng)過濾器前對(duì)加壓管道取樣；在吸管中使用滴管；在排放發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)從排水口獲取樣品。
Pressurized Line加壓管道
Figure 1. Pressurized Line圖1：加壓管道
Sampling a pressurized line on an engine is fundamentally equal to sampling a pressurized line on any industrial forced lube system, and is the preferred method for engine oil sampling (Figure 1).
對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上的加壓管道取樣基本上等于對(duì)任何工業(yè)強(qiáng)制潤滑系統(tǒng)上的加壓管道取樣，是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油取樣的首選方法（圖1）。
Through the use of a pump, the lubricant is drawn from the sump and pushed through a filter, where it is then delivered to the required lubrication points. The goal is to install sampling hardware in the live zone at a turbulent point located past the pump and before the filter.
通過使用泵，潤滑油從油箱中抽出，并通過過濾器推動(dòng)，然后輸送到所需的潤滑點(diǎn)。目標(biāo)是在泵過去和過濾器之前的湍流點(diǎn)安裝取樣硬件。
When sampling is required, the hardware is utilized while the system is in operation creating a representative, repeatable sample. Installing sampling hardware is beneficial to maintaining a closed system whereby the sample can be extracted without opening the system and compromising its cleanliness from exterior elements.
當(dāng)需要取樣時(shí)，在系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行時(shí)使用硬件，創(chuàng)建具有代表性、可重復(fù)的樣本。安裝取樣硬件有利于維護(hù)一個(gè)封閉的系統(tǒng)，這樣可以提取樣品而不打開系統(tǒng)和損害其對(duì)外部元素的清潔度。
Drop Tube滴管
Drop tube sampling is synonymous with used oil analysis. Unfortunately, many inconsistencies and fundamental flaws have been associated with this method. Drop-tube vacuum sampling is a simple, low-cost solution to procuring a sample for oil analysis.
滴管取樣是常用油分析的同義詞。不幸的是，這種方法存在許多不一致和基本缺陷。滴管真空取樣是一種油分析樣品的簡單、低成本的解決方案。
However, many factors should be considered before using this method. For instance, to draw a sample the machine must be opened, therefore the oil is exposed to the environment. Opening a machine potentially allows airborne contamination to enter the oil and cause damage.
但是，在使用這種方法之前，應(yīng)該考慮到許多因素。例如，要抽取樣品，必須打開機(jī)器，因此機(jī)油暴露在環(huán)境中。打開機(jī)器可能會(huì)使空氣污染進(jìn)入油中并造成損壞。
The key to an effective oil analysis program is the ability to draw an oil sample from a specific location while the machine is in operation and under normal load. Unfortunately, using the drop tube method while the system is running poses several concerns.
有效的油分析程序的關(guān)鍵是能夠在機(jī)器運(yùn)行和正常負(fù)載下從特定位置抽取油樣。不幸的是，在系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行時(shí)使用滴管方法有幾個(gè)問題。
For instance, the plastic tubing may be pulled into the system resulting in safety concerns for the individual collecting the sample. This method also requires a large fluid flushing volume; has difficulties in obtaining consistent samples from the same location; and has problems with sampling high-viscosity fluids. In other words, this method of sampling should be avoided whenever possible.
例如，塑料管可拉進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)，導(dǎo)致取樣的個(gè)人存在安全問題。這種方法還需要較大的流體沖洗體積；很難從相同的位置獲得一致的樣品；并且在取樣高粘度流體方面存在問題。換句話說，應(yīng)盡可能避免使用這種取樣方法。
Theoretically, when using this method in conjunction with a dipstick tube, the location will always be in the same general vicinity. The existing variable is the depth that the tube is inserted into the volume of oil in the sump.
理論上，當(dāng)將這種方法與量油計(jì)結(jié)合使用時(shí)，位置總是在附近?，F(xiàn)有變量是管插入油箱油體積的深度。
To help address the issue of tube depth, a premeasured or graduated sample tube should be inserted to a known depth, which will narrow down the termination point of the tube to a reasonable area of variable location.
為了幫助解決管深度的問題，應(yīng)將預(yù)先測量或分級(jí)的樣品管插入一個(gè)已知的深度，從而將管的端點(diǎn)縮小到一個(gè)可變位置的合理區(qū)域。
Figure 2. Sample Tube in Crank Case Dipstick圖2曲柄箱量油尺樣管
Drain Port Engine Oil Sampling排水口機(jī)油取樣
Another common sampling method involves capturing a sample of oil as it drains from the sump. The theory is that by capturing the sample midstream, after purging a large volume of oil (40 to 50 percent) from the sump prior to filling the sample bottle, the sample taken more closely resembles a sample representative of the system.
另一種常見的取樣方法是在油從油箱中排出時(shí)取樣。理論是，在加注樣品瓶之前，從油箱中清除大量油（40%到50%），采集的樣本更接近于代表系統(tǒng)的樣本。
One problem associated with this engine oil sampling procedure is the difficulty of extracting the sample. A special accessory has been adapted to make this procedure easier, cleaner and more reliable (Figure 3).
與此發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油取樣程序相關(guān)的一個(gè)問題是難以提取樣品。采用了特殊附件，使此過程更容易、更清潔、更可靠（圖3）。
The drain sample kit uses a small cylindrical oil container approximately five inches in diameter that contains enough volume to hold the contents of the oil sump. A special bracket is then used to hang off the rim of the container to hold the sample bottle in the center.
排水樣品套件使用一個(gè)直徑約5英寸的小圓柱形油容器，它包含足夠的體積來容納油箱的內(nèi)容物。然后使用一個(gè)特殊的支架掛在容器的邊緣，將樣品瓶放在中心。
With the open bottle in place, the container is placed beneath the drain port and opened, forcing the initial flow of the oil from the sump to drain into the container. When approximately 40 to 50 percent of the volume of oil in the sump has drained, the container is repositioned for the flow from the sump to drain into the sample bottle.
打開的瓶子到位后，容器放在排水口下面并打開，使油箱的初始油流入容器。當(dāng)油箱內(nèi)油體積的大約40%到50%被排出時(shí)，容器被重新放置，以便從油箱流出的油流入樣品瓶。
Once the sample bottle is full, the container is once again repositioned to allow the remainder of the oil in the sump to drain into the container.
當(dāng)樣品瓶裝滿后，容器將再次重新放置，以允許油箱內(nèi)的剩余油排入容器中。
Although this system allows for cleaner sampling when taking a midstream sample, be cautious of data from samples taken from a drain port. This is due to the fact that bottom sediment, debris and particles (including water) enter the bottle in concentrations that are not representative of what is experienced near or around the area where the oil lubricates the machine components.
雖然該系統(tǒng)允許進(jìn)行更清潔的取樣，但要小心來自從排水口取樣數(shù)據(jù)。這是由于底部沉積物、碎片和顆粒（包括水）進(jìn)入瓶子的濃度不代表油潤滑機(jī)器部件附近或周圍的情況。
In addition, this method is performed when the oil is being replaced with new oil. This does not apply to trending the in-service oil under normal operating conditions. The drain plug sampling method should be avoided if at all possible.
此外，更換新油時(shí)采用此方法。這不適用于在正常運(yùn)行條件下牽引在用油。盡可能應(yīng)避免采用漏塞取樣方法。
Figure 3. Drain Sample Kit圖3.排水口取樣工具包
There are always various methods and associated variables with every engine oil sampling procedure. To be successful, it is necessary to understand the limitations and variability of each procedure and assume the appropriate amount of accuracy with each.
每個(gè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油取樣程序總是有各種不同的方法和相關(guān)變量。為了取得成功，有必要了解每個(gè)程序的局限性和變異性，并假設(shè)每個(gè)程序具有適當(dāng)?shù)臏?zhǔn)確性。
References
1. “World-class Oil Sampling - It is Possible.” Practicing Oil Analysis magazine, July 2000.
2. Jim Fitch and Drew Troyer. "The Basics of Used Oil Sampling." Practicing Oil Analysis magazine. September 2004.
3. NAVAIR Document 17-15-50.1
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